【英语】 伦理学

书名: Ethics (Library Binding)
作者: John K. Roth (Editor)
出版社: Salem Press; Revised edition (April 30, 2005)
语言：English
ISBN-10: 158765170X
ISBN-13: 978-1587651700

Book Description
Ethics, Revised Edition is the first revision of Salem Press's highly praised Ethics, which was published in 1994. The revised edition adds more than 200 completely new essays to the original 817 essays and updates and expands many of those original essays. The main thrust of this revised edition is on applied ethics, with a particular emphasis on current issues.

This set expands the earlier work's coverage by addressing the many ethics issues that have come to prominence over the past decade. These include such religious topics as church-state separation, faith healers, Islamic ethics, the jihad concept, religion and violence, the Roman Catholic priests sexual abuse scandal, Scientology, and televangelists. The set also gives particular attention to business and labor ethics, with new articles on such topics as advertising, computer misuse, corporate compensation, downsizing and outsourcing, and the tobacco industry. New topics on political and economic issues include Congress, distributive justice, famine as an instrument of oppression, care of the homeless, lobbying, lotteries, minimum wage laws, and the fairness of taxes. Personal and social ethics issues are the subject of a similar number of new essays, which include topics ranging from cell-phone etiquette and workplace dress codes to premarital sex and professional resumes.

Some of the most important topics of the new essays concern the burgeoning field of bioethics; the new topics include biometrics, assisted suicide, cloning, genetic engineering, and stem-cell research. International relations is another field that is constantly raising new ethics questions. Among the topics covered in new essays in this field are the Bosnia conflict, globalization, Iraq, and terrorism. New topics dealing with ethics questions relating to more purely military issues include biological warfare and bioterrorism, the just war theory, mercenary soldiers, peacekeeping missions, and war crimes trials. Finally, there are new essays on recent figures whose ethical behavior--whether positive or negative--has been in the news, such as William Bennett, Bill Clinton, Louis Farrakhan, Saddam Hussein, Jesse Jackson, Martha Stewart, and Desmond Tutu.

Every essay begins with ready-reference top matter entries providing such information as dates and places of birth and death for important personages; dates of important events; an entry that provides the "type of ethics" to which the topic relates; and a brief statement of the significance of the topic to the field of ethics. In addition, each entry contains cross-references in the form of a "see also" line that guides readers to related entries contained in the set. All essays of 500 or more words include bibliographies. The bibliographies of all the original articles in the set have been updated through mid-2004.

Appendices include an annotated list of organizations devoted to ethics issues, with addresses and Web site information; a comprehensive categorized Bibliography; a Glossary of basic ethics terminology; a Biographical Directory of people mentioned in the essays and a Categorized List of Topics organized by types of ethics. There is also a detailed subject index.

Review

"Grade 10 Up–This revised edition continues to provide accessible entry points for those grappling with ethical issues and concerns. The 1000-plus articles cover people, events, organizations, trends, and issues. Applied ethics is emphasized more than theoretical, with various viewpoints clearly and equally elaborated. Ready-reference information, such as definitions, dates, and a brief synopsis of the significance of the topic, is offered at the beginning of each article. The more than 200 new entries range from Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Hate crime and hate speech to Rwanda genocide and Reality television. The technological explosion of the past decade is represented in articles on Identity theft, Internet chat rooms, and Napster. Bill Clinton and Martha Stewart are discussed, as is the Roman Catholic priests scandal. Many essays have been expanded and updated; others have been completely rewritten. In addition, more include bibliographies, and illustrations, charts, graphs, and maps have been added throughout. The signed articles are clearly written, providing sufficient detail for understanding without overwhelming readers beginning to grapple with an area of ethical dilemma. Topics related to specifically Western culture dominate, but many pertaining to Asian and Islamic cultures, such as Jihad, Pan-Africanism, Buddhist ethics, Iraq, and Confucius, are included. Appendixes offer an extensive list of bibliographies by general subject area; a biographical dictionary; a list of Nobel Peace Prize winners; and more. This well-organized, highly useful work will be popular with researchers and general readers." --Joyce Adams Burner, Hillcrest Library, Prairie Village, KS, School Library Journal

"In today's social and moral climate, few topics are more in need of clarification and discussion than ethics. The fact that there are a number of reference sources on the topic is an indication of demonstrated interest. Now, Salem offers a major revision of one of these sources, first published in 1994, which purports in its introductory material to address the ethical dilemmas of the twenty-first century with an emphasis on applied ethics.

The revised edition is greatly expanded (1,685 pages compared to 961) and covers topics that are of recent interest, such as Child soldiers, Downsizing, Family values , and Napster. More than 200 of the entries are new, and many of the original 817 entries have been revised. There is an increase in visually attractive material (photographs, maps, charts, and informational sidebars), all of which give the volume a more modern appearance. One particularly useful feature of the first edition remains: each entry begins with explanatory material. For a term, the entry begins with the definition, the type of ethics that it most relates to, and a brief statement of the significance. An individual who is the subject of any entry is given a brief identification, birth and death dates, type of ethics he or she is connected with, and a statement of significance. Appendixes provide a glossary, a list of Nobel Peace Prize winners, a time line, and more. Entries are indexed by category, person, and subject.

Other titles, such as Academic Press' four-volume Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (1998), Routledge's three-volume Encyclopedia of Ethics (2001), and Facts On File's one-volume Encyclopedia of Ethics (1999), all have relatively current information and are reputable sources. It is difficult to compare these on a side-by-side basis since each seems to have a different level of user in mind and a different approach to what aspects of ethics to discuss. The Salem encyclopedia is more student than scholar oriented, with an accessible format, fairly short articles, and visual appeal. It may not be essential for libraries owning all the above-mentioned sources, but if the previous edition has been useful, this excellent revision should definitely be considered. Its relatively reasonable price should appeal to high-school, public, and academic libraries alike." --Danise Hoover, Booklist

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